Factory Butte, Mars Research, Badlands
In this area most of the land is BLM with a few pockets of State Land. So camping is widely available. There is little to no shade as it’s mostly desert landscape with no shrubbery.
I’ve stayed in the area twice. Once closer to the actual coal mine which is several miles down the road with a right hand turn. (Well marked). The other area with an incredible view of the badlands is a right hand turn when you are just about even with factory butte. (Not marked at all)
Easy area to find a place if you want a good dispersed campsite. There is a vault toilet at the head of the coal mine road just as you turn off hwy 24.